Air Traffic Control and the operations of Airports all around the Essay

Air Traffic Control and the operations of Airports all around the world - Essay Example Nowadays these systems have been modernizing by means of latest electronic and information technologies available. Thus, the air traffic control and airport operations can provide ever better service to humanities of the world. The modernized air traffic controlling system is equipped with sophisticated instruments like radar, radio and wireless communication and computer facilities to locate the flying aircraft. Many trained personnel have been working together at the ground offices to provide better service to flying aircrafts and airports. They monitor all airborne signals and give proper instructions and guidelines as required. They can trace out the locations and speed of the aircraft on voyage. Sometimes they need to inform concerned superiors to provide expert instructions for overcoming complicated situations. Their main task is developing an environment that is very much safe for the free flying of the aircrafts. Thus, the number of aircraft carrying out the flights can be increased considerably. They are also authorized to warn aircrafts if they come closer each other. The pilots and crew of the aircrafts work closely with air traffic controllers for the proper management of the air traffic syste m. They are also capable to predict the weather conditions prevailing around airports. So according to predictions they can arrange for the safer take off and landing of airplanes. This weather information is beneficial not only to flight passengers but also to industries which mainly depends on air cargo carriers to transport their products, materials and officials. Thus, these trained personnel have become the integral part of air traffic and airport operations. The air traffic control consists of three main phases. The first phase is the rules and regulations to be followed by the pilots during flight. Second is the navigation system and instruments which work on the basis of electronics. This system and instruments

The End of the Race Essay Example for Free

The End of the Race Essay Thinking about the outcome of mixing races, are Asians and Europeans distinguishable in the distant future? As intermarriage goes intense, there would be many minorities in race. In contrast, majorities’ attitudes toward minorities generate discrimination simultaneously; minorities are more likely to be exposed to prejudice. However, Steve Olson says that each mixed individuals are the key to weaken the barricade between races. Matthijis Kalmijin also supports the point that intermarriage decreases the conflicts between cultural groups and it weaken prejudice and stereotypes against other races. In the past decades, researchers have described patterns of marriage, and examined individual variations in intermarriage. In terms of making selection on partners, it seems race has had much influence on it. In the report written by Matthijis Kalmijin, he says â€Å"People have a tendency to marry within their social group or to marry a person who is close to them in status. Although many characteristics play a role in the choice of a spouse, sociologists have most often examined endogamy and homogamy with respect to race/ethnicity, religion, and socioeconomic status. † According to the research, in a sense that people have tendency to marry a person from the same race or close status, endogamy will still be practiced even if intermarriage go intense. Therefore, Asians and Europeans would be physically distinguishable in the future. Native Hawaiians are one of the good examples of â€Å"minorities† in race. How did they become minorities? On November 26, 1778, an European ship captained by James Cook first arrived at the Hawaiian island of Maui. Never seen Europeans before, yet Polynesians accepted them without hesitation; women from lower classes were willing to exchange their bodies in order to move up in social status. In 1852, 84 years later of his arrival, three hundred Chinese men arrived to work on plantations, and in the next century nearly half a million more workers followed, including China, Japan, Korea, Puerto Rico, Spain, Austria, Germany, Norway, and Russia. This is how so called hapa Haoles came out. What does this history bring in today’s Hawaiian society? According to Olson, Native Hawaiians have the lowest incomes and highest unemployment rates of any ethic group. They have the most health problems and the shortest life expectancy. They are the least likely to go to college and the most likely to be incarcerated. This is caused by a vicious circle; discrepancy in education and employment between native Hawaiians and majorities. Well-off haoles, Chinese, and Japanese send their children to private school, while the public schools are underfunded. Besides, the rapid growth of the tourism industry in Hawaii accelerates the already-worse situation today. Tourism produces mostly low-paying jobs in sale, and construction. Because the education and jobs that you can possibly acquire is closely connected, there has few opportunities for native Hawaiians to move up in career and improve their quality of lives. However, Olson says â€Å"Minority races are likely to be exposed to prejudice, but barriers between groups become more permeable when a substantial number of mixed individuals demonstrate choices are possible. † In other words, you can make a â€Å"choice† to look down minorities or to respect them. This is also supported by the Matthijis Kalmijin’s report saying that â€Å"intermarriage can thus be regarded as an intimate link between social groups† in a sense that marriage is usually an intimate and long-term relationship. Also, firstly, â€Å"intermarriage decreases the salience of cultural distinctions in future generations because the children of mixed marriages are less likely to identify with themselves with a single group†. Secondly, â€Å"by intermarrying, individuals may lose the negative attitudes they have toward other groups. † In other words, intermarriage may eventually weaken prejudice and stereotypes against other races in the way that it makes the very people and the future generations feel more amiable toward their races. Although it depends on how mixed individuals feel and think about their races, they are definitely the key to eliminate prejudice. As an mixed of Japanese and Chinese, I strongly agree to the Olson’s opinion saying that â€Å"the barrier become permeable† if we mixed individuals make choice. Being put in this situation, I sometimes feel ambivalent about my nationality and cannot put myself in either side because I know both societies’ good and bad aspects. The answer I found was to be an international person without fully belonging to one side. As previously mentioned in Kalmijin’s words, I am exactly â€Å"the children of mixed marriages† without identifying themselves with a single social group and I want to be â€Å"an intimate link between social groups†. I think cultures will survive as long as each race respects and practices their distinctive cultures. Mixed races including me tend to forget to learn deeply about one culture. Because mixed races will increase over time in general, however, I regard we are the one who need to keep these things in mind and make effort to understand multiple cultures which we are exposed.

A Comparison Between Death of a Naturalist and Digging Essay examples -

A Comparison Between Death of a Naturalist and Digging For GCSE course work we have to compare two poems from a foreign culture. The two poems we picked were both by the popular Irish poem ‘Seamus Heaney.’ The two poems we’re looking at ‘Death of a Naturalist’ and ‘Digging’ could be seen as autobiographical. ‘Death of a Naturalist’ is basically about a young boy who had a keenness for nature, which has disintegrated throughout a summer. ‘Digging’ is about the poet remembering his childhood, he writes about about digging as though it is patriotic of his family. He talks about fore fathers and how he will continue this tradition, not by digging on a farm but with his pen, writing. Although with seemingly different storylines, the poems actually start off quite similarly; with both poems taking you back you a specific time in the poets’ childhood. In ‘Digging’ the poet is remembering other people in his life, like his grandfather and father but with ‘Death of a Naturalist’ his memories are all introspective. In both poems the original plot is elaborated upon with ‘Death of a Naturalist’ taking a negative line and ‘Digging’ turning positive. In ‘Death of a Naturalist’ the poem is split into two stanzas; this separates the poets’ opinion in two, full of enthusiasm in one ‘I would fill jam pots full of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ To the lack of enthusiasm in the second ‘I sickened, turned, and ran’ ‘Digging’ is split into many stanza’s of seemingly almost random length, nut when you look closer you see that they get longer when the poem read to better things, for example the poet get most enthusiastic when he remembers his grandfather this is reflected in the fact that this stanza is by far the longest at eight lines. .. ...athered there for vengeance’ There are examples of onomatopoeia in both poems although it isn’t used at length in either. I noticed ‘slap’ is used in both poems, both in descriptions of mud or dirt sentences, showing the link in the poets’ language. Overall I enjoyed both poems though I did prefer ‘Digging’ as I like the way the poet flicked back and forth through time. I could also visualise this poem more, like a film, which I liked. I also like the cast use of alliteration which made the poem kind of roll off your tongue. There is also a really good use of onomatopoeia in the poem in the second stanza. ‘Under my window a clean rasping sound’ This sentence really draws you into the poem and you can almost hear the rasping as the shovel sinks into the ground. To sum up, all of these factors and more are the reason as to why I prefer ‘Digging’

Romeo And Juliet, An Affair To Remember And Moulin Rouge - the Path O :: essays research papers

The path of true love never did run smooth. Three such love stories from our time are ‘Romeo and Juliet’, ‘An Affair to Remember’ and the recent movie ‘Moulin Rouge’. These great well-known stories depict the path of true love littered with tragedy, other people trying to sabotage love and other disasters befalling the star-struck lovers. Nothing in love goes smoothly all the time, there are always hiccups along the way. This is the key factor that makes these stories and other great love stories, so popular and unforgettable. A story about true love is never complete without tragedy and troubles dogging the lovers’ every step. In the story ‘Romeo and Juliet’, two powerful families have feuded for generations. Romeo from one family falls in love with Juliet from the opposing family. Romeo and Juliet arrange secret meetings and then decide to get married. Wrongful accusations, misunderstandings and plots going awry plague the pair. The story ends with the very last misunderstanding where Romeo, believing Juliet to be dead when really sleeping, kills himself. Juliet wakens and seeing her lover dead, takes her own life. This story is one of the greatest love stories of all time. There would not be too many people who have not heard of it. The story would not be as popular if Romeo and Juliet met, their families made up, they married and lived happily ever after. We love the tragic element of this story. It makes us cry, it makes us feel deep emotions, it stirs up feelings like no other love story. The path of this true love is not smooth, but the path with its roughness and obstacles, seems to be the best way of showing the nobility and strength of true love. In the story ‘An Affair to Remember’, of the late fifties, two people meet on a cruise and fall in love. They decide to meet at the Empire State building in six months when they will both be free to pursue a life together. On that day the man, Nickie waits atop the Empire State building. Terry, the woman is rushing to get there but in her haste of looking up at the building is tragically run over and becomes a paraplegic. The man thinks that she does not love him so he becomes depressed and starts painting pictures and he paints one of her. She sees this painting and buys it.

Cellphones are not necessary in teenagers’ lives Essay

No, cellphones are not necessary in teenagers’ lives. I admit this because I think cellphones ruin teenagers’ social life. First of all, teens like to use their cellphones to text. Something that is wrong about this is that these teenagers only will talk over text but, never face to face. Besides texting on their phone, they also like to go on social networks such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and Tumblr. Other teens that use these social networks can start rumors about you that may or may not be true. This can lead to people talking behind your back at school and not having any friends that want to talk to you. Furthermore, teenagers having a cellphone can stop them from going out as much. The advantage of going out with yours friends is to socialize and have fun. There would be no point to going out if you have a cellphone because you can just call each other or talk online. These are a few examples of how having a cellphone can ruin a teenagers’ social life. As a teenager having a cellphone distracts me on a daily basis. For instance, when having a conversation with someone it makes it hard for me to concentrate to what the person in front of me is saying when an incoming message is sent. Also, having a cellphone beside you while doing your homework is not a great idea. While doing your homework you can randomly get a text message or a notification which makes it hard to focus on your work and easy to get distracted by your phone. So instead of doing your homework you will probably be playing a game on your phone. In addition to getting distracted while doing homework, teenagers also get distracted while doing their chores. This can lead them to not getting their chores done and later on getting in trouble by their parents. In brief, being a teenager and having a cellphone distracts me in many ways and most likely distracts other teenagers as well. Finally, having a cellphone when you are a teenager lacks productivity. Teenagers sit somewhere for hours doing nothing that is important. For example, you go on your phone and check your Twitter, Tumblr, and Instagram over and over again. Also, teenagers get so attached to their phone that they forget about their homework and the next day try to come up with excuses on why it is not done. Teenagers should go outside and breathe the fresh air but when you are on your phone you manage to sit around for hours which is not very healthy for your body.

Kim essays

Kim essays The book, Kim, was written by Rudyard Kipling. It is a story about a poor, Irish boy named Kimball OHara, shortened to Kim, who travels around colonial India seeking adventure. He is an orphan and has lived all his life in this British colony. Kim later meets a lama, a monk of a religion similar to Bhuddism, and searches with him for a holy river that cleanses all sins. One day, he met the people in the regiment his father, who had passed away long before Kim was born, used to work in. He was sent to school to learn and to be transformed into a sahib, another word for a master. After his schooling was over, he learned many skills from people, such as manipulating minds. The cunning boy also knew how to steal, lie, cheat, and to beg for food and housing. With these skills the British Secret Service sent him on a mission to capture the maps, letters, notes and diagrams of Russian spies in the Himalayas. At the end, he accomplishes his mission and the lama, who had been searchin g unsuccessfully in vain, found his river quite on accident. Now that I have read the book, I wish that I could learn more about colonial India and its different cultures. It may sound boring, but Rudyard Kipling writes it in such a way that it becomes extremely interesting and it makes people yearn to learn more about the Indian culture. Some examples of Indian culture are how people are categorized. The upper-class people are called sahibs. Another interesting term is babu. This word means an educated native person speaking English. What is funny about this is that this is a rude way of addressing a person and it was also used to poke fun because of their broken English and strange accent. The British were racist towards the natives. Not only is this what makes the book interesting, but also how the people lived in India. Unlike America where there are many middle-class people, India had mainly two different types of people. They were ...

Genotype vs Phenotype

Genotype vs Phenotype Ever since Austrian monk Gregor Mendel did artificial selection breeding experiments with his pea plants, understanding how traits are passed down from one generation to the next has been an important field of biology. Genetics is often used as a way to explain evolution, even if Charles Darwin did not know how it worked when he first came up with the original Theory of Evolution. Over time, as society developed more technology, the marriage of evolution and genetics became apparent. Now, the field of Genetics is a very important part of the Modern Synthesis of the Theory of Evolution. The Terms Genotype and Phenotype In order to understand how genetics plays a role in evolution, it is important to know the correct definitions of basic genetics terminology. Two such terms that will be used repeatedly are genotype and phenotype. While both terms have to do with traits shown by individuals, there are differences in their meanings. What Is a Genotype? The word genotype comes from the greek words â€Å"genos† which means â€Å"birth† and â€Å"typos† which means â€Å"mark†. While the entire word â€Å"genotype† does not exactly mean â€Å"birth mark† as we think of the phrase, it does have to do with the genetics an individual is born with. A genotype is the actual genetic composition or makeup of an organism. Most genes are made up of two or more different alleles, or forms of a trait. Two of those alleles come together to make the gene. That gene then expresses whatever trait is dominant in the pair. It could also show a blending of those traits or show both traits equally, depending on which characteristic it is coding for. The combination of the two alleles is an organism’s genotype. Genotype is often symbolized using two letters. A dominant allele would be symbolized by a capital letter, while the recessive allele is represented with the same letter, but only in the lower case form. For example, when Gregor Mendel did his experiments with pea plants, he saw the flowers would either be purple (the dominant trait) or white (the recessive trait). A purple flowered pea plant may have the genotype PP or Pp. A white flowered pea plant would have the genotype pp. What Is a Phenotype? The trait that is shown due to the coding in the genotype is called the phenotype. The phenotype is the actual physical features shown by the organism. In pea plants, like in the example above, if the dominant allele for purple flowers is present in the genotype, then the phenotype would be purple. Even if the genotype had one purple color allele and one recessive white color allele, the phenotype would still be a purple flower. The dominant purple allele would mask the recessive white allele in this case. The Relationship Between the Two The genotype of the individual determines the phenotype. However, it is not always possible to know the genotype by looking only at the phenotype. Using the purple flowered pea plant example above, there is no way to know by looking at a single plant whether the genotype is made up of two dominant purple alleles or one dominant purple allele and one recessive white allele. In those cases, both phenotypes would show a purple flower. To figure out the true genotype, the family history can be examined or it can be bred in a test cross with a white flowered plant, and the offspring can show whether or not it had a hidden recessive allele. If the test cross produces any recessive offspring, the genotype of the parental flower would have to be heterozygous, or have one dominant and one recessive allele.

Classicism †Classification of Classic Art

Classicism – Classification of Classic Art Free Online Research Papers Classical art can be somed up as the following: â€Å"Aesthetic attitudes and principles based on the culture, art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, and characterized by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restrained emotion.† Place and time period Classical art occurred in ancient Greece during 480-323BC – just after the beginning of democracy and the end of the Persian war. Obviously not a lot of artwork can be produced during a time of conflict therefore the end of a war symbolized a fresh opportunity for art expression. Similarly Democracy also had a great impact on this art period due to the fact that it created a richer availability of resources to the people; meaning artwork could be produced more generously and frequently as apposed to earlier times. Types of Artwork Produced Sculptures, friezes, pottery and arcitechture were the main artworks produced during the classic art movement. Sculptures: The ancient Greeks interest in bodily precision and human success led them to expand a great interest in depicting the â€Å"perfect† human figure in art. Their ideals of the model human body are made fairly obvious throughout their sculptures. The detail, proportion and natural movement in these figures reflect the ancient Greeks developed understanding of the human anatomy. It is clear when observing sculptures from the Archaic art phase (when sculptures where rigid and juvenile) that the artists of the classic period had adopted a more peaceful and natural contropposto pose (weight on one side) for standing figures. Another dramatic advancement to be noted is their remarkable techniques of carving drapery, evidently being more realistic than ever before. Developed great technical skills, their ideals of true beauty held back the potential of achieving the techniques used to portray authentic emotion and feeling. This was later achieved in the Hellenistic art phase. A time when Alexander the Great’s conquests initiated several centuries of exchange between Greek, Central Asian and Indian cultures, resulting in a great international variety of art, and eventually leading to brutal realism which included: old age- as well as youth, unnatractiveness, fear, pain, rape†¦Alongside many other significant changes such as: women’s bodies being considered appropriate to sculpt nude, and the developed techniques of carving group figures. Architecture: â€Å"Ancient Greek life was dominated by religion and so it is not surprising that the temples of ancient Greece were the biggest and most beautiful.They also had a political purpose as they were often built to celebrate civic power and pride, or offer thanksgiving to a supporting god/goddess of a city -for success in war† The Greeks developed three architectural systems, called orders, each with their own clear proportions and detailing. The Greek orders are: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Doric The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily. Ionic The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute). This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands. Corinthian The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world, but often seen on Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves One of the most famous architectures of ancient Greece is the Parthenon- a temple located on the Acropolis, a hill overlooking the city of Athens; it remains devoted to the great Greek goddess Athena, the patron goddess of the ancient City of Athens. The Parthenon is considered to be the finest example of Doric-style construction. The Parthenon was designed by Phidias, a famous sculptor, at the request of Pericles, a Greek politician credited with the founding of the city of Athens. Friezes: Freizes of the classic art period carry the same characteristics of classic sculpture, yet of course lack the oppurtunity of 3d observation and interpritation. One of the most intimate and affecting remains of the Ancient Greece are their Funeral friezes. Funeral friezes evolved during this period from the rigid and impersonal kouros of the Archaic period to the highly personal family groups of the Classical period. Although some of them depict ideal types ie.the mourning mother and the dutiful son- r as time pogressed, they increasingly depicted real people. Pottery: In ancient Greece Pottery was designed for particular uses and purposes eg. Amphora’s- used for storing oil, wine or water. Stamina’s- used for storing funery ashes, liquids, and offerings to gods. Archaic and Classic pottery was painted using clay strips (diluted solutions of clay). For the period of classicism, the majority of clay originated from Attica, a place near Athens, which contained a high iron content, it was this that is accountable for the potteries rich, reddish brownish colour. During this period, direct painting was used rather than incision-, which had been used in Archaic times. Direct painting offered new expressive possibilities to artists such as three-quarter profiles, greater anatomical detail and the representation of perspective. It’s important to note the following paint distinctions of pottery whilst determining which art period it originated from. Archaic=Black figure painting Classic=Red Figure painting Hellenistic=White ground painting Paintings aren’t merely decorative, they also hold stories of: war, everyday life episodes or even Greek myths and legends. An example of this is illustrated above within the classic style vase. It shows Priam, the king of Troy, asking Achilles to return the body of his dead son Hector. Classic Art Influences Romans filled their environment with original works of classic Greek art, which included reproductions, or variants of those works. Knowledge of this classic Greek art and architecture passed to later Europeans by way of Rome, by doing so, also influencing the art period of the Middle Ages. A detailed and specific example of this would include that â€Å"around 1337 Italian sculptor Andrea Pisano portrayed a Gothic artist carving a classic-style nude in a relief called The Art of Sculpture for the bell tower of the Florence Cathedral in Italy†. The Renaissance was a period during which both the artistic forms and the ideals of Classical art remains were revived and renewed. It began in Italy around the 1400’s, spread north, and continued until about the 1600’s. It was mainly Roman copies of Greek sculpture and architecture, rather than the original Greek works, that renaissance artists sought to copy. Indirect classical art influences of today include the desire to look somewhat like gods, or in this current age- a celebrity or perhaps a model who carry the 21st century ideals of a perfect human body. These unrealistic standards have caused much unacceptance amongst those of us who â€Å"compare† and push ourselves to fit this image often causing serious mental/health problems i.e. Eating disorders, depression†¦ which remain still today a great problem within our society. Research Papers on Classicism - Classification of Classic ArtAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBringing Democracy to AfricaHip-Hop is ArtRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMind TravelBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Global warming Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global warming - Article Example Most of the remaining 70% is absorbed by the land and ocean and the atmosphere absorbs the remainder. Radiation takes place when the rocks, the seas, and the air get warm, thus forming energy that travels into the atmosphere and water vapor and gases like carbon dioxide and methane absorb most of the energy. Additionally, the absorption and radiation of heat by the atmosphere is important for life on earth as it provides a comfortable atmosphere as compared to the chilly atmosphere that would be caused by lack of green houses. Scientists argue that over the past 250 years, humans have increased significantly the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This is mostly through burning fuels and cutting down forests that absorb carbon. Today, the atmosphere is filled with greenhouse gas molecules and the atmosphere absorbs the energy emitted. Lastly, due to the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases, the earth’s atmosphere is becoming an efficient

The Business Idea for a Food Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Business Idea for a Food Business - Essay Example The essay "The Business Idea for a Food Business" is a business plan which represents a new entrepreneur’s dream. The name of the company is Crazy Food plc which will be established as food processing company in London, United Kingdom. The company will produce and market processed food and ready to eat food. The crazy bite is a brand that will represent differently flavored sweets bar with different shapes and color. The product is a confectionery food which is crispy in nature. Chocolate flavor will be the main focused product of the brand as taste and quality will be very good and competitive if the product is coated with the small chocolate layer. Ingredients of the products make it more tasty and demanding. It is a confectionary food in the vegetable category which will also be offered in different fruit flavor to satisfy the demand of wide segment of people with different food habits. The opportunity of the business with respect to this product is that the confectionery market size in the United Kingdom has been increasing over the past few years. Low calorie and low sugar product of the company will fill the gap market in terms of making it demandable even among the health conscious people. The main target segments of the brand are kids and youths as studies on snacks food says that they are the maximum revenue generator of confectionery food companies. People of all ages and different food habits can also have this. It is a type of food which people can have any time they want.

Andrew Jackson and William T. Sherman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Andrew Jackson and William T. Sherman - Essay Example Despite their important places in history, the credibility of both men has been a long debated issue. Known popularly as the ‘Old Hero’, Jackson was revered as a president bigger than life, whose prominence attributed him to an era. Despite his immense impact on the growth of the American economy during the years of his presidency, he is also argued as someone who was under the control of rather than being in control of the forces that governed the economic and political scenario during his era (Sean Wilentz, 2005). In contrast, there is a unanimous agreement to the fact that Sherman managed to succeed in his military offensives largely due to his ability in organization and command in the military and the consistency with which he played a psychological assault on his opponents. He was also known to display his ruthless rage with a sense of clarity (Edward Robins, 1905). Jackson as a leader was known to yearn for the agrarian past, which had dominated the American economy until then. In fact, he is widely regarded as devoting a large time during his term in office in an inconsistent battle towards resisting the prospects of a revolution in the markets (Robert Vincent Remini, 1969). In contrast to these differing personalities, Sherman was a man whose nature could be easily perceived from his behavior. He was someone whose complicated attitude would create a charming and interesting opinion, but would nevertheless do little towards helping anyone embrace him closely. He was known to be short tempered, garrulous and aggressive in his approach. Just like Jackson supported the practice of slavery, Sherman was a known racist (Faunt Le Roy Senour, 1865). Despite his insecurities, he was well acclaimed with the war and how to go about finishing it. Sherman was known to stir controversies with his provocative personality and often provided assurances on issues that others would

CI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

CI - Essay Example Another impact of this study of effects of merger events is the impact it has on the competitiveness of the post merger firm in terms of profitability and efficiency. The competitiveness is a critical aspect to be considered by investors and managers before deciding on whether a merger is an appropriate financial decision to make. The way stock markets react to events around a merger and specifically the announcement of a merger can be used to reasonably predict the future financial and operational performance of firm in a financial market so long as it is efficient. This research looked at the stock performance of some of the listed stocks before a merger announcement and after the announcement. The daily stock prices were noted and analyzed statistically to highlight the changes in return and correlated with the stated event and other similar competing firms’ stock prices. It was generally noted that the announcement of a merger generally resulted in certain changes in the p rices of stock. Review of literature points out that there is a negative correlation between the stock returns and hence the value of the firm after an announcement of a merger. This could be explained using hypothesis put forward by behavioral finance scholars. This particular empirical study further reinforces the studies in which the post merger firm values as indicated by the stock prices using the cumulative average abnormal returns CAARs reduce with the announcement of a merger, just a few days of the announcement and well after the announcement has reached the public. Introduction Economists and financial analysts are sometimes faced with the challenge of figuring out the magnitude of the effect an economic event has on the underlying value of firms. This implies that they have to measure the impact based on a particular cause or event. To achieve this the event study methods have developed that assist in the construction of effective models that easily predict the value of a firm based on an event. This is basically an event study that employs residual analysis to evaluate and analyze how a market behaves to an announcement of a merger. A company merger would mean that a company would inherently have more capital size, increased in operations and more diversification. This however does not always result in improved profitability as it could be hindered by excessive costs of acquisition and regulation obstacles. In previous studies it has been noted that an event such as the announcement of a merger had a positive market reaction. This can be investigated using abnormal stock returns noted during such events. As earlier stated the announcement of a merger and or acquisition shall be regarded as the event for the purposes of this study. This research paper has the following objectives: (a) to investigate whether news or any other publicly available information can influence the price patterns of the acquirer and (b) to examine the impact a merger announc ement has on the stock prices of the acquired. The research shall be carried out by comparing the stock prices and daily returns before the merger announcement and immediately after the merger announcement using the daily closing stock prices. This particular paper is organized into four sections. The first section shall review the literature on previous research on event studies related to mergers

Project Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Project Leadership - Essay Example And now, even the processes involved in upgrading the knowledge and skills of people are changing. Business organizations realize that the only way to survive in this kind of environment is to undertake continuous improvement through education and training. Towards this end, LRH Manufacturing has made a very strategic decision to adapt and grow with all these changes and consequently become more dynamic. The instructor-led training will now be replaced with the Web-based training system. Aside from the fact that the company needs to comply with government regulations on its product, there is the manifest need to establish the accuracy of its training records and ensure the participation of concerned employees in the mandated company trainings. The manual process of the current a Web- based Training Project Manager to oversee the program, new tools to be utilized, and everyone will be required to learn the new tools and utilize them in undertaking the training. It assures, however, that no employee or manager will be replaced, no new responsibilities will be added, but additional skills will be learned. The Training Department will continue to play an important role in the continuous improvement of the new program’s design and implementation. The Web-based Training Manager will just facilitate and help all key players in the new undertaking, especially ensuring that all the new knowledge will be acquired in an easy learning environment. He will be accessible to everyone and will also be openly reaching out to all. Adapting to the changes in the business environment is believed to be one way of maintaining organizational effectiveness. Edgar Schein, in his book Organizational Psychology, theorizes that organizations which fail to sense changes in the environment often become ineffective. This new training program will pave the way for LRH

CI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

CI - Essay Example Another impact of this study of effects of merger events is the impact it has on the competitiveness of the post merger firm in terms of profitability and efficiency. The competitiveness is a critical aspect to be considered by investors and managers before deciding on whether a merger is an appropriate financial decision to make. The way stock markets react to events around a merger and specifically the announcement of a merger can be used to reasonably predict the future financial and operational performance of firm in a financial market so long as it is efficient. This research looked at the stock performance of some of the listed stocks before a merger announcement and after the announcement. The daily stock prices were noted and analyzed statistically to highlight the changes in return and correlated with the stated event and other similar competing firms’ stock prices. It was generally noted that the announcement of a merger generally resulted in certain changes in the p rices of stock. Review of literature points out that there is a negative correlation between the stock returns and hence the value of the firm after an announcement of a merger. This could be explained using hypothesis put forward by behavioral finance scholars. This particular empirical study further reinforces the studies in which the post merger firm values as indicated by the stock prices using the cumulative average abnormal returns CAARs reduce with the announcement of a merger, just a few days of the announcement and well after the announcement has reached the public. Introduction Economists and financial analysts are sometimes faced with the challenge of figuring out the magnitude of the effect an economic event has on the underlying value of firms. This implies that they have to measure the impact based on a particular cause or event. To achieve this the event study methods have developed that assist in the construction of effective models that easily predict the value of a firm based on an event. This is basically an event study that employs residual analysis to evaluate and analyze how a market behaves to an announcement of a merger. A company merger would mean that a company would inherently have more capital size, increased in operations and more diversification. This however does not always result in improved profitability as it could be hindered by excessive costs of acquisition and regulation obstacles. In previous studies it has been noted that an event such as the announcement of a merger had a positive market reaction. This can be investigated using abnormal stock returns noted during such events. As earlier stated the announcement of a merger and or acquisition shall be regarded as the event for the purposes of this study. This research paper has the following objectives: (a) to investigate whether news or any other publicly available information can influence the price patterns of the acquirer and (b) to examine the impact a merger announc ement has on the stock prices of the acquired. The research shall be carried out by comparing the stock prices and daily returns before the merger announcement and immediately after the merger announcement using the daily closing stock prices. This particular paper is organized into four sections. The first section shall review the literature on previous research on event studies related to mergers

Do the benefits of midwife-assisted delivery outweigh the Research Paper

Do the benefits of midwife-assisted delivery outweigh the disadvantages - Research Paper Example For this reason, childbirth has been considered as a serious health condition that needs clinical or medical intervention. Since the 20th century, the number of women who give birth from home has significantly declined. Although there are some parts in the U.S. that legally consider midwife-assisted delivery to have some benefits over the health condition of pregnant women during the child delivery, some states in the U.S. including Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Dakota, and Wyoming do not legally allow the practice of midwife-assisted delivery not unless the midwife has been certified as Nurse Midwife (Mana). Approximately 50% to 80% of the childbirth today takes place within the hospital settings. (Wagner) Despite the fact that majority of childbirth is done within the clinical areas, the number of minor to life-threatening childbirth complications remains high not only in caesarean surgeries but also in normal spontaneous delivery. Aside from the fact that hospital births can cause a significant increase in the number of infant deaths, hospital births also contributes to the significant increase in the number of mothers who died due to maternal hemorrhage, shoulder dystocia, eclampsia, or infection. For this study, whether or not the benefits of midwife-assisted delivery outweigh the disadvantages will be thoroughly discussed. Approximately 87.3% of child delivery that has occurred in the hospitals was personally attended by the midwives (Declercq). Between the years 1975 to 1988, the number of total births that was attended by the midwives has increased from 0.9% up to 3.4% respectively (Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1988). Since the U.S. Department of Health has tried to minimize maternal and infant mortality rate, some states in the country prohibit lay midwives to assist in child delivery especially when assisting childbirth from home. Since then, the

Optic Flow Essay Example for Free

Optic Flow Essay The study of optic flow becomes much more complicated when the movement of an observer towards a surface or object is not straight on. In fact, even in the more straightforward condition of straight ahead condition, Gibsons mathematical analysis was wrong. In situations when, for example, we are walking or driving, it is commonly necessary to estimate the chances of collision with an object or surface towards which we are moving obliquely. Similarly, we dont always look straight ahead when moving. The resulting oblique relationships between angle of gaze, direction of movement, and converging paths are much more difficult to analyze. Cutting (1996; Cutting et al. , 1999), has made major contributions to the study of perception during motion by enriching knowledge of the complexities of optic flow. Sensory stimulation is a chemical process which occurs between the human body and brain. When we experience sensation, body is exposed to some type of sensory stimulation. The sensory receptors then receive this information, and transmit it to the brain using neural impulses, or neurotransmitters. There it is interpreted into the correct sensation. Sensations are the basic building blocks of perception. Perception is the process of organizing and making sense of sensory input. Perception allows us to better interpret the information sensory receptors receive, and form images of the world around us. Transduction is what happens when the receptors transform the energies they receive into a form that can be interpreted and utilized by the nervous system. Human beings are able to experience various sensations because the nervous system encodes the messages we are receiving and interpreting. In his doctrine of specific nerve energies, Johannes Muller theorizes that different sensory modes exist because the information received by sensory receptors stimulates different synapses when traveling back to the brain. This is known as anatomical encoding. This type of encoding determines which sensory organ is activated by a certain type of stimulation, according to which specific neural pathway it travels. (Wade, Tavris, 2006). Anatomical Encoding and Sensory Modalities Anatomical encoding does not totally explain how or why different sensory modalities exist independently. Scientists found it difficult to link specific skin senses to individual neural pathways; neither does the doctrine of specific nerve energies explain variations of stimulus within a certain sensory experience, i. . the softness of an animals fur versus the coarseness of sandpaper, or the distinction between the colors light blue and dark blue. A second type of encoding, called functional encoding, is therefore required to make sense of these differentials in sensory perception. According to Wade and Tavris, functional codes rely on the fact that sensory receptors and neurons fire, or are inhibited from firing, only in the presence of specific sorts of stimuli (2006). This means that any given time, some neurons are firing, and some are not. The information regarding the rate of, number of, and patterning of each cells firing is what forms a particular functional code. Sensory adaptation occurs when continual exposure to the same sensory stimulus results in decreased sensitivity to the presented stimulus. Basically this means that given enough time, senses learn to become accustomed to the stimulation receptors gather. The sensory system brings information regarding environment to brains. They help us to interact with environment. The sensory system is made up of five senses, which correspond to five sense organs. The five senses are vision, hearing, taste, touch, and smell. These correspond with the eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose. Each of these contains sensory neurons, which transmit impulses to the central nervous system. The information is processed and from that we receive a perception which we interpret and which may change behavior accordingly. This is called Transduction which is the process of the receptors changed the information they receive into a form which the nervous system can utilize. Spatial Projection and The Surface Of The Body Up To The Cortex The visual, auditory, and somatic systemsindeed, all the sensesseem to maintain a spatial projection from the surface of the body up to the cortex. Moreover, connections in each system must be very precise for the signals from the various receptors to be kept straight as they pass up the system. The precision of arrangement is remarkable. (Lappe, M. 2000) It should be in order to ask how such an arrangement came about. What factors are at work as the organism develops to make all the connections come out right? To this question we now have an answer. First, Weiss, then L. S. Stone, and more recently Sperry have gone through a series of ingenious experiments to pin down the factors that control how connections are formed in the nervous system. Sperry, for example, has crossed the sensory and motor nerves in the legs of the rat, and from that has picked up some clues. He has also cut the optic nerve, rotated the eyeballs in various degrees, allowed the nerves to regenerate and then tested animals for the return of spatial vision. There are many details to his experiments, and they prove somewhat confusing, but the upshot of them all is this: Nerve fibers grow back to make the same connections that they made in the first place. To put the matter in another way, the nerve cells along the sensory pathways have some sort of biochemical tags that keep them straight when connections are being laid down. One might say that each nerve cell has a name and that other nerve cells know what that name is. It is still a mystery what these names are and how the cells know each others names and that will be a subject for future research. At any rate, nerves can be badly cut, mangled, and twisted, but somehow or other nerve fibers get back where they belong. For us, it is interesting to know that biochemical factors are at work in laying out the spatial arrangements of the nervous pathways. Lateral dominance has also been a serious problem in getting at the anatomical basis of cognition. That one of hands or feet or eyes is the major one and the other the minor one is a fact not easily disputed. We know, too, that in some affairs one side of the brain is dominant; that is to say, it plays a major role in perception or action, while the other side is minor. Although people have often argued about how important lateral dominance is and how many of the worlds ills it accounts for, few deny altogether that it exists. We must, in fact, believe that some parts of the brain, like the speech area, show very strong one-sidedness and that, in the case of others, the sides share about equally in the functions that concern them. If that be true, how can we tell where to look for a particular function? If one kind of cognition belongs to one side of the brain and we make a lesion in the other side, we will completely miss the point. Or if a type of cognition shares equally corresponding areas on both sides, it takes a perfect bilateral lesion in the areas to make the localization known. We ought to consider, too, the matter of individual differences. We find it natural to say that people are different in the measurements of personality, intelligence, or some other aspect of behavior, but we often seem to assume that brains are standard products turned out on an assembly line so that they look as much alike as new cars. The fact is that brains vary a lot in their size and shape. Lashley has been going into that matter lately, and he assures us that there are individual differences in brain anatomy. It appears that any speculation in this respect is restricted by conditions which are inherent in research experiments. According to observations, only objects or patterns cause any demonstrable satiation. Hence, we must find a process which accompanies object or pattern vision rather than the perception of homogeneous surfaces. The alpha rhythm of the human brain is much more seriously disturbed by visual objects or patterns than it is by a bright homogeneous field. Adrian suggests that it is attention to which the alpha rhythm is so sensitive. But there remains the other possibility that, quite apart from this factor, the rhythm is strongly disturbed by a visual process which accompanies the perception of objects or patterns. Vision Optic Flow and Perception It seems safe to say that, in terms of stimulation, an object is an area (or a volume) which differs from its environment either as a whole or along its boundary. We see things of any kind only when a relation of inequality obtains between the stimulation in one area and that in another, surrounding, and area. Thus it seems plausible to assume that the process which goes with object or pattern vision is a relationally determined process, and that satiation is established in regions in which this process takes place for some time. Relational determination is not a familiar term. Relationally determined processes are extremely common in physics. For instance, if temperatures differ in two parts of a system, a current of heat energy is established which tends to equalize the temperatures. The direction of the flow depends upon the direction of the difference, and in the absence of any difference there is no flow. Merchant, H. , Battaglia-Mayer, A. , Georgopoulos, A. P. 2001) Similarly, if a solution which contains certain molecules is surrounded by a second solution which contains these molecules in a different concentration, a current of diffusion will be observed, unless the solutions are separated by an impermeable barrier. The current flows as long as the concentrations differ. Thus, it is again a relation of inequality between the two parts of the system which maintains the process. Incidentally, examples exhibit relational determination in more than one sense. As the currents of heat or diffusion spread, their distribution in space depends upon the shape of the boundary at which the parts of the systems are in contact. This shape is defined in terms of geometrical relations among parts rather than of merely local conditions, and the distribution of the flow adapts itself to such relations. Therefore, not only the flow as such is relationally determined, but the same holds also for its pattern in space. Some such processes cause obstructions in the medium in which they occur, and that in this fashion after-effects are established when later further processes spread in the same medium. The relationally determined process which underlies pattern vision is a direct electric current and that such a current flow when conditions of excitation in one part of the visual cortex differ from those in an adjacent part. An attempt was also made to explain how the electromotive forces originate which drive the current from one part to the other, and back again to the former. The explanation involved no hypothesis which is at odds with available knowledge of nerve impulses and their influence upon cortical tissue. Vaina, L. M. , Rushton, S. K. 2000) Rather, those forces were derived from concepts which play a great role in present neurophysiological discussions. Nevertheless, this particular part of the theory need not now be described, because there may be various ways of deriving electromotive forces which would drive a direct current through the tissue. It seems that, whatever choice may be, the distribution of the flow as such would always be about the same. It is this flow which we will now consider. The flow would spread through the tissue as a volume conductor, which is to say that, in this connection, the brain must be regarded as a continuous medium to which principles of continuity physics apply. In this respect, there is a possibility which is implicit in present neurophysiology, even though its consequences have, until recently, not been explicitly considered. Surely, if the potentials of the alpha rhythm as well as those of on and off effects can spread through the skull, there is nothing in the brain to prevent such potentials from spreading through this medium as a continuum. As a result, it can hardly be a disturbing thesis that a steadier flow would do the same. (Sherk, H. , Fowler, G. A. 2001) In flowing through a continuum, a direct current assumes a distribution which is relationally determined by the shape of given boundaries. In object or pattern vision, the boundaries in question would be those between cortical areas in which retinal stimulation establishes different kinds or degrees of excitation. It will suffice if we consider a fact which concerns only the distribution of the current as such, and is quite independent of further theorizing. If excitation within a circumscribed cortical area differs from that in its environment, the resulting current must circle around the boundary at which the two areas are in contact. Moreover, unless the surrounded area is very large, the current must be denser in this area than it is in the environment in which it can spread widely. This is true whether or not local excitation is higher in the circumscribed area. Thus, if a black object is shown on a white background, the density of the flow must be maximal within the area of the black object, just as it is maximal within the area of a white object surrounded by black. Satiation and Proximal Energy We can now turn to the problem of satiation. The present theory has no difficulty in solving this problem. Any direct currents which flow through the nervous system polarize the surfaces of cells, and also change their polarizability. Generally speaking, this effect, the so-called electrotonus, has the character of an obstruction. Further currents which afterwards flow through the same medium are weakened. At the same time, they suffer changes of their distribution in space. We are not introducing a special hypothesis if we assume that the currents of theory are also electrotonically active, and that the resulting obstructions follow the same rules as hold for electrotonus in general. For instance, the degree to which the various parts of the medium are electrotonically affected is directly related to the density of the current in those parts. Now we know that the density of the currents postulated in theory must be maximal within the area of a circumscribed object, still great in adjacent parts, and progressively lower at greater distances. Perception is treated throughout as the representation to the individual of real, physical states of affairs of both the external environment and of the self. The former include objects, persons, scenery events, and extended terrain and spaces. States of the self include postures, movements, and activities such as reaching, standing, running, and speaking. Although it is obvious that own physical states are represented to uswe readily and immediately perceive what we are doingthis aspect of perception is usually overlooked in the theoretical treatments, with notable exceptions (Gibson, 1979) Physical states of both the environment and the individual give rise to patterns of energy at the sensory receptors. These patterns, which usually vary over time as well as space, are the proximal stimuli that initiate the chain of neural activity and culminate in a perceptual representation. Certain features of these proximal energy patterns correlate with particular properties or attributes of a physical state of affairs. For example, both the size of the retinal image and the degree of convergence of the eyes correlate with the size of an external object. Likewise, a pattern of stimulation in the joints, tendons, and muscles of an arm correlates with its position. A point to be emphasized is that the features of the proximal stimulus pattern are not simply replicas or necessarily even rough copies of the physical properties that give rise to them. Rather they correlate with them. For example, binocular disparity is in no sense a replica of observer-object distance; it is a correlate of it. This view was first adumbrated clearly by Gibson (1950, 1959) and is emphasized here.

Global Biogeochemical Cycle Of Aluminium Environmental Sciences Essay

Global Biogeochemical Cycle Of Aluminium Environmental Sciences Essay Aluminium is found in atmosphere and the atmospheric input fluxes and solubility are consistent with the seasonality of surface water concentration Data and this yield an average residence time in the upper 100m of 6.5yrs. Atmospheric deposition can either be in two ways either as Dust or rainfall to the open ocean. Lithospheric cycle of aluminium can be in two forms primary and secondary mineral.Biospheric cycle of aluminium although is small but can be found in micro-organisms, plant, invertebrates, vertebrates and humans. All of the cycles overlap because there is a continuous flow of aluminium in the cycle. Aluminium is characterised by its relatively short (2-6 yr) residence time in surface seawater Exley (2003). This short residence time can largely be attributed to the elements rapid hydrolysis rate and the extremely low solubility of the hydrolysis products Exley (2003). INTRODUCTION Aluminium is the most abundant metallic elements in the earth crust (8.1wt) and it is very reactive hence it is not found in nature. Aluminium is also presence in many silicate materials which include feldspars, Mica and amphiboles. The atmosphere plays an important role in material transported from land to sea, with dust deposition forming the major geochemical pathway for the delivery of a number of trace elements Bowie et al (2001). The distribution of aluminium in sea water can be explained by both fluvial inputs and Aeolian crust to the open ocean. The surface concentration of aluminium are predominately influenced by Aeolian dust deposition (Maring and Duce, (1987) However in regions were the dust is not significant, the concentration of aluminium are know to be below the 1Nm in surface water. The aluminium cycle is mostly dominated by it biotic cycles due to the relative abundance in humans. The depositions of aluminium in the atmosphere either wet or dry estimate the presence of aluminium in sea water Exley (2003). Construction of the cycle The retention of aluminium in the lithospheric cycle actively favours the concentration of dissolved aluminium that happens in the oceanic cycle fig1. The reason these were used for the modelling is that it actually measured the lithospheric and biogenic cycle of aluminium but does not detail the oceanic cycle of aluminium in a broad sense while on the other hand, Bowie et al (2007) explained the biogeochemical cycle of aluminium in the open waters and how sediments are dissolved from dust and rainfall provided by atmospheric deposition. The idea behind this was to determine the movement of aluminium between the atmosphere, lithosphere and the biosphere. The table was taken from Exley (2003) and Bowie et al (2007). The abundant of elements in the lithosphere and biosphere is expressed in ppm. The lithospheric cycle The retention of aluminium in the lithosphere is actively favoured as the concentration of dissolved aluminium is limited by the mineral phase of decreasing solubility and hence lower free energy Exley (2003). Primary aluminium rich minerals such as feldspar are formed as a result of cooling of magma in the Earths crust and are dissolved from parent rocks by weathering. The additional dissolution of carbonic acid weathering results in the formation of clay like materials such as kaolinite and other secondary mineral phases Exley (2003). High insoluble particulates absorbed by both the minerals and the organic surfaces are returned to the Earths crust through sedimentation and subduction into the magma. This is the continue cycle as illustrated on fig 1 The Biotic cycle This cycle represent the life forms of micro-organism, plant, invertebrates and humans coming together to form a proportion of the total biotic abundance of aluminium in the cycle represented in fig1. All of these cycle overlap with each other to show that aluminium is present in all food chain Exley (2003). The biospheric abundance of aluminium is an estimate and does not reflect the total amount of aluminium in the cycle Exley (2003). Aluminium in the atmosphere The atmosphere plays an important role in material transports of aluminium from land to sea. With dust deposition forming the major geochemical path way for the delivery of aluminium to the remote open waters (fig 1) aluminium is chiefly associated with mineral aerosol. With the atomic weight of 8.1 and particle size class of >1um aluminium has been used as a valuable tracer of Aeolian inputs into the ocean. Between 1.5% and 10% of Al associated with mineral aerosol is predicted to be dissolved in open waters (Maring and Duce, 1987). Aluminium in the lithosphere This is formed from both primary and secondary minerals and colloidal phase which is taken back to the atmosphere through sedimentary processes Fig1. The earth curst has a thickness of 35 to 40 km at the continent. The retentions of aluminium is extremely with 99.999% of cycled aluminium that is left in the lithosphere (REF) Dissolution and precipitation plays an important role in cycling this element and the dissolution in the aqueous phase. The activity of AL+3 in soil and groundwater is controlled by the precipitation and dissolution reactions and this ca be estimated from the PH and the activities of F and S04-2. Ion exchange plays an important role in retention mechanism for aluminium in acid to neutral Ph regimes. The Aluminium occurs in many silicate rock minerals, such as feldspar, feldspathoids, micas and many amphiboles. Aluminium in soil In weathering process, delay weathering of primary minerals leads to the deposition of sedimentary clay minerals example is alumino -silicates kaolinte and mortmorillonites. When soil goes through weather, silicon is lost more rapidly than alunimuim. In sulfate rich environments, aluminium forms sulphate minerals such as alunite. Much solid aluminium has been identified in soils and the most stable which include the hydroxide (gibbsite) and clay mineral. Aluminium level in soil solution is affected by acid precipitation due to the magnitude been higher than the level in a soil solution. The increase level of aluminium are caused by the lowered PH value of acid precipitation and also by the complexes formed by the inorganic and organic ligands. percolation of acid precipitation through the soil tends to dissolved the least stable soil minerals and raise the levels of aluminium significantly in the subsurface runoff, which ultimately finds it way into channel system of a watershed( ref15). Figure 1 -Data taken from Exley (2003) (a); Bowie et al 2007 (b) Aluminium in sediments In general estuaries environment have been observed to trap aluminium elements which is usually present in greater concentrations in river water than in sea water. Sediments near the months of rivers contain amounts of aluminium (Ref 2). Clay is the most common sedimentary aluminium bearing minerals, typically consist of alternating layers of silicon and aluminium. The general absorption of aluminium by soil and soil clays which is affected by soil acidity determines the toxicity of the element in acid soils. Example is that the present of organic matter in soil lower the Ph of the soil solution below neutral , which makes aluminium more soluble.Fulvic and humic acids act as strong agents for aluminium (Ref 9) Aluminium in Natural waters The concentration of aluminium in natural waters depends primarily on pH. Inspite of the fact that aluminium is an abundant element, they rarely occur in natural waters in concentration greater than a few tenth of a milligram per litter as long as the Ph is nearly neutral. The concentration of aluminium in sea water has been reported as 0.01mg/1, probably present as aluminium hydroxide (REF 7). The concentration of aluminium in river water can vary considerably with flow. It readily precipitates in natural water to form particulate or colloidal hydroxide; however under the turbulent conditions of high flow, it can be dissolved from suspended minerals (Ref 14). Aluminium is readily soluble at pH Conclusion The elements extreme insolubility and biogeochemical reactivity results in very low dissolved AL concentration .Although this is due to the removal from the water column. Lithospheric abundance of aluminium is quiet an indication that it is close to the living organism at about 1mm. The biospheric abundance of an element is relative to its lithosphere which shows that geochemical origin with time and also gives more accurate reflections of the mechanisms which dominate the biogeochemical cycling of those elements (ref)

File Sharing Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Technology Essays

File Sharing Napster was just another step into the huge world we know as the internet or the World Wide Web. It was a step I believe in the right direction, but some people have differing views. Napster is a program in which people could chat, share files such as mpeg or mpeg3 layered files or other formatted files across the internet. This program was very controversial because it was a very well made program. Its design and user interface was extremely easy to use. Therefore it attracted more and more people to the files sharing business. I am going to tell you about how Napster works, why it is so controversial, some supporting points, some countering points, its status today, and what is on the outlook for the future. Napster is a files system with many benefits to the user. As I already have mentioned it is very user friendly. Napster works because the more users it attracts the more files other people can download. It as soon as you run napster your machine becomes a server to the internet with a shared folder able to be access by anyone else using napsters software. Napsters software then allows you to use a keyword based search to find files that you like and goes through the internet to find which other servers have files associated with your keyword. This type of file sharing is called Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file sharing. This program opened up a whole new world for the common computer user because it virtually solved the problem of over stuffed download servers or servers being down because you could find the file you looked for on millions of peer servers. This program also allowed a chat an instant messaging system or chat room, and at the time this time was a big thing to do was to go into chat ro... ...mputers and the internet were made to make things easier for people and the internet and World Wide Web were specifically made to file share. That was the whole purpose behind the net. That is why this file-sharing technology (P2P) is the new wave of the future and will be a large part of the internet for a long time to come. Works Cited: Baase, Sara. A Gift of Fire Second Edition, Pearson Education Inc. pg. 242-243. Copyright 2003 CNN (March 12, 2001) Canada firm uses pig latin to fool Napster block. Available at www.cnn.com/2001/Tech/internet/03/12/napster.02/index.html visited at 11/17/02 Narline, Ryan (November 15, 2002) CD Burning Firm Buys Napster. Available at www.silliconvalley.internet.com/news.php/1501281 Napster: Stealing or Sharing? (November 17, 2002) Napster Time Line. Available at www.cnn.com.specials/2001/napster/timeline.html

In Favor of Discontinuing the TASP Testing Program :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

In Favor of Discontinuing the TASP Testing Program Now that the TASP mandatory testing program has been in place for some time, we are better able to understand if the TASP should be continued or discontinued. Those opposed to eliminating the TASP testing program believe that the TASP helps colleges and universities to provide better classes to meet the needs of the students. Those in favor of eliminating the TASP testing program believe the test is discriminatory. I favor the elimination of the TASP testing program because the test is too expensive, the test is unfair to people with test anxiety, and the test keeps students from pursuing a college education. First, I favor the elimination of the TASP test program because the test is too expensive. The TASP test costs twenty-nine dollars to take. Paying twenty-nine dollars the first time may not seem so bad, but if you fail, you have to retake the test. Then, since you failed the test, you have to pay another twenty-nine dollars. Still think that is not bad? Well, if you take the test ten times, the testing fees add up to two hundred and ninety dollars. It is not fair that people should pay to take a mandatory test. The TASP test is taking twenty-nine dollars from you to take the test. Then, if only one section of the TASP needs to be completed, the person taking the test must pay twenty-nine dollars to only do a third of the test. It's probably easier to relate that the cost of the test is twenty-nine dollars for all three objectives, but for one objective to cost the same amount is absurd. The TASP test is too expensive and deserves to be eliminated. Second, I favor the elimination of the TASP testing program because the test is unfair for people with test anxiety. When a person walks into a classroom to take a test, that person thinks that he knows everything needed to know in order to pass. However, as soon as the teacher passes out the test, the student "freaks" out, and his mind goes blank. Test anxiety can cause people to fail the TASP test, and that doesn't seem fair. Then, the person must retake the test, and the same thing happens the anxiety "kicks" in. The person taking the test with anxiety is not likely to pass the test and it is unfair to put him through that ordeal.

Hassan’s Story – A&P Case Study

Question A: Baru is using surface markings to identify the gender of a skull. What two major types of surface marking do bones have? Answer: Bone surface markings consist of a) Depressions and openings and b) Processes. Depressions and openings are areas that form joints or areas that allow passage of soft tissue, such as nerves, blood vessels, ligaments and tendons. Processes are projections or outgrowths on bone that form joints or attachment points for connective tissue, such as ligaments and tendons. Question B: Why are Liu and Hassan surprised to find a metopic suture on an adult skull? In which skull bone to metopic sutures occur? Answer: Soon after birth the right and left sides of the frontal bone are united by the metopic suture. Normally the metopic suture disappears between the ages of six and eight, so finding one on an adult skull would be surprising. Question C: What delicate skeletal structures are found inside the nasal cavity that might be missing from and excavated skull? Answer: Skeletal structures inside the nasal cavity that could be missing from an excavated skull would be septal cartilage, the vomer, the inferior nasal conchae and the perpendicular plate. Question D: How would Hassan and his team be able to tell the ages of the skeletal remains of the woman and the baby? Answer: Age can be estimated by examining the vertebral column. Average length for an adult female is around 24 inches; in an adult male it is approximately 28 inches. The total number of vertebrae can also help determine age. During early development there are 33 total vertebrae. This number decreases as people age because the 5 sacral vertebrae as well as the 4 coccygeal vertebrae begin to fuse together. Fusion of the sacral vertebrae begins between the ages of 16 and 18 and is usually completed by age 30. The coccygeal vertebrae fuse when a person is between the age of 20 and 30. Question E: What features of the vertebral column would the larger skeleton in the sarcophagus show to indicate is was female? Answer: In females, the coccyx points inferiorly to allow the passage of a baby during birth. In males, the coccyx points anteriorly. Question F: What bone in the neck region other than cervical vertebrae may be damaged during strangulation or neck trauma? Answer: The hyoid bone. Question G: If the bones of a person found at the excavation site were missed up and out of sequence, how could the anthropologists determine which vertebrae were cervical, lumbar or thoracic? Answer: Vertebrae in the different regions of the vertebral column vary in size, shape and detail. Question H: Why would bones, with their hard structure, be subject to and show signs of the disease that destroyed this community? Answer: Bones are/were living tissue, albeit, hard on the outside. Visually, they would still show signs of lesions and tissue damage, plus DNA can be extracted and examined to determine the specific disease a person may have died from. Question I: What structure passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae that would cause death if damaged as in the child’s skeleton? Answer: The dens, a peg-like process on the body of C2, could cause death if forcefully driven into the medulla oblongata of the brain.

Quinte Mir

The immediate issue is that Benton-Cooper Medical Centre’s MRI clinic has been open for 6 weeks and not performing to expectations and to the promises made by their new MRI provider, Quinte MRI. With referrals to the clinic, doctors expect to receive MRI transcription reports within two days and the current backlog exceeds 14 days. As a result there is a loss of patient referrals from doctors within the hospital and surrounding community which means a loss of revenue for BCMC. Quinte MRI must determine what is causing the backlog and how to fix it.Secondary IssuesA secondary issue in the clinic is that the MR Technologist is putting in a lot of overtime even though the maximum number of patients each week is not being met. Quinte MRI personnel need to examine and analyze the interaction between the capacity, the process flow and the bottleneck and provide a resolution and action plan back to the CEO, Dr. Syed Haider within 2 days. Environmental and Root Causes Quinte MRI, an i nternational service provider specializing in medical diagnostic technologies signed an agreement in February 2002 with Benton-Cooper Medical Centre (BCMC) for the outsourcing of their MRI services.BCMC believed that they could competed successfully if they had a third MRI machine as they anticipated continued growth in this area by 15% through doctor’s referrals from the hospital and surrounding areas. BCMC also believed that they could generate enough revenue and promotional support through advertisements with local print and radio stations to be able to own their own fixed MR system and be recognized as a top rated hospital for the area. Quinte MRI promised the avenue for BCMC to be able to accomplish these goals through its service reliability and access to diagnostic equipment 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at a reasonable cost.However, these expectations are not being met and David Wright has gone to the MR Technologist, Jeff Sinclair to examine and analyze what was caus ing the backlog (bottleneck) in the operation. Jeff indicated that due to poor communication between the hospital and the clinic, mistakes were being made due to a manual process for recording information. Patients were being booked at wrong time, cancelling or not showing up, wrong tests were being requested or recorded, and patients were not being screened properly for an MRI scan.An assessment was being done when the patient came into the clinic. A patient preparation process has not been implemented in the new facility, whereas the previous MRI provider scheduled all appointments. Jeff felt that wasted time was being spent on delivering scans to the radiologist after each patient. Jeff also accounted for the fact that during May, the clinic used a Siemens unit, which took some time to get used to, however, now that the GE machine was in place (Jeff was originally trained on this machine), things were improving.David next examined the cycle time on for a 30 minute procedure. The table below shows the current cycle time of the patient, the MR Technologist and the MRI machine. 15 minutes was dedicated to patient preparation for an MRI while only 27. 5 minutes was spent in the Magnet Room. 42. 5 minutes was being spent on a 30 minute procedure. This was where the bottleneck was in the process. Staying with this current process and resources, the maximum capacity of this process can only be 8 procedures if all other inputs into this process ran smoothly (i. . no cancellations). Exhibit 1 Patient Check in until entrance into Magnet Room Minutes MR Technologist escorted the patient to the Magnet Room (asks questions to determine if any health risks/conflicts and if any patient has any metal components internally or on clothing) 59Patient – 42. 5 minutesMR Technologist – 42. 5 minutes Changing Room for patients wearing metal on their clothing (25% of patients)Magnet Room Patient Orientation and paperwork verification 127. 5 Positioning of Coil 4 MRI Scan time based on a 30 minute scheduled MRI scan)16. 5MRI Machine – 16. 5 minutes Data Entry (happened during scan)1 Printing MRI Scans (average 8 sheets at 45 seconds each)6 Patient back to reception Escort the Patient back to Front Desk 26 Changing Room 4 Monica Zimmerman, radiology department manager was pressuring Quinte MRI to hire another MR technologist to lighten Jeff’s workload and improve the process flow. David needed to review the cost of hiring an additional person to make the process flow better.He knew that the 1. Tesla MRI machine rated capacity was 2 patients per hour, however the actual scans in a day, would be based on the type of scan required. David used the 30 minute and the 1 hour procedure to determine what the potential spend per day was and what the annual spend would be. Note that any lost appointments resulted in a $700. 00 per scan loss, however this also could be a $700. 00 increase for unscheduled (walk-in) appointments. By looking at th e potential projected income, hiring another person was a possibility.Exhibit 2 Time – Min/Hour# performed$ scan suppliesper scan Daily RevenueBCMC chargeDaily revenue – BCMC chargeAnnual Revenue25% Tax $Income 3016145$700 $ 11,200$2,320$8,880$2,800,000$700,000$2,100,000 18145$700 $ 5,600$1,160$4,440$1,400,000$350,000$1,050,000 Alternatives and Options Criteria 1. Increase the process flow, machine capacity and change the position of the bottleneck 2. Increase revenue 3. Repair relationship and reputation with BCMC Alternative 1: (Strategic) Quinte MRI has found out that the manual process for taking appointments is creating many errors.If the system was computerized MRI test requirements could be input into the system and throughput could be maximized based on MRI procedure time required in order to maximize time slot available. Quinte MRI also realized that the MRI Technologist was performing administrative tasks that could be assigned to an assistant. By removing th ese tasks from the technologist, more time availability would become available for scheduling additional MRI tests. In order to process patients faster, a form could be developed that specifies what the patient must do prior to arrival at the MRI Clinic.Another form could be developed for when that patient arrives at the clinic that asks questions regarding health risks and indicating what restriction would prevent a patient from having an MRI. The assistant could take the patient all the way through the process until the Magnet room at which point the MR technologist would take over. There are necessary requirements that the MR technologist must do prior to completion of the scan, but the collection of the MRI scans and delivery of them back to the radiologist could be done by the assistant that is escorting the patient from the Magnet room.If we assume that most of the MRI scans are a half an hour, than patients could be scheduled every half hour in order to maximize both the capa city of the machine and the capacity of the technologist. Pros: By implementing the computer, there is more accuracy being collected for appointments and test requirements. By hiring the MR assistance, there is increased flow capacity because the technologist will handle only the MRI scans and not the administration task that were previous being done him.This takes the bottleneck out of the administrative task and aligns it to the maximum capacity of the machine thereby increasing revenue which provides the ability to hire the assistant. This would create reliability with the clinic again so that doctors will send their referrals to the clinic. Cons: A second MR technologist will not be hired and when it comes time for vacation of illness, there will be no one to step into the technologist position and ensure continuous flow.Quinte MRI would need to hire from a temporary agency in order to fulfill their requirement which means addition dollars will be spend. Alternative 2: (Tactical ) Quinte MRI could hire a second MRI Technologist to perform MRI scans alternating times with the first MRI Technologist to increase the flow and capacity of the process. This would take away the backlog and doctors could send their referrals to the clinic with a sense of reliability that the clinic will get it turnaround within 2 days. Pros:This would allow Quinte MRI to always have a back up in the event that one of the technologists is on vacation and / or ill. The increase revenue being generated due to increased MRI procedures could pay for the second MR Technologist. Cons: Based on the current practices, hiring a second technologist would alleviate some of the workload, however given that no effort has been made to correct the communication issues between the hospital/patient and the booking department, there is a strong possibility, that patients will still continue to be booked at the wrong time, cancel or just not show up.Without a procedure to hand how patients are dealt w ith from checking to magnet room, people could still be turn away due to health reasons, clothing that is not appropriate for scanning purposes. Recommendation The recommendation is to take Alternative #2 as it addresses all of the criteria by increasing the process flow, machine capacity and changes the bottle neck to the maximum machine capacity. It increases revenue and repairs the relationship and reputation with BCMC.

Sporting Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sporting Violence - Essay Example h a hockey stick, with a blade or butt, was not a reasonable practice and fell outside the ambit of the implied consent.† (Supra note 25 at 128) and the accused was found guilty of overreacting. Major league baseball considers the commissioner to be the final arbiter of disputes between the clubs and the league and also gives it the authority to impose punishments, much like the NBA and the NHL. (Major League Agreement Art I. (1988) These powers are the result of the uniform player contract and the collective bargaining agreement, that establishes the disciplinary authority of both the team and the commissioner. (CBA of NBA, art 23; exhibit â€Å"standard club rules†) The role of the state and police, along with the courts in restricting sporting violence can be of a limited nature, and the last recourse. This position is taken, based on the fact that rough play is a part of the game, and the competitive edge coupled with the rush of adrenaline, may make players indulge in violent acts. The judges, who are called upon to arbitrate are familiar with the mentality of a sportsperson, and they may not be aware of the unspoken rules of conduct, which are a part of all sports. The role of law as arbiter, comes into focus because when a player steps over the line, if his action is not castigated by the games governing authority because â€Å"where there are obvious infractions of the criminal law, the authorities are duty bound to take whatever action is necessary to prevent a repetition of such conduct.† (R v. Henderson [1976] The court in Hackbart v.Cincinnati Bengel Inc.( Hackbart v Cincinnati Bengal Inc. 601 F2d 516 (19th Cic 1979) said ‘courts are ill suited to decide different social questions and to determine what is an acceptable level of conduct on what is much like a ‘battlefield.† and so just as there are a separate set of laws for the army it is not unreasonable to put sportspersons and sporting violence under the purview of their disciplinary bodies,

Mini Persuasive Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mini Persuasive Research Paper - Essay Example In 2006, however, the ban was lifted and the United States government allowed two companies to produce silicone for medical purposes (Agadoni, 2012). In 2012, the number of breast augmentation procedures carried out within United States was 286,274. The year saw an increase in breast augmentation procedure by 35% from 2000 in which only 212,500 cases of breast augmentation were reported (Surgeons, 2012). Many believe that these procedures are injurious to women’s health and in many cases are unnecessary. Some on the other hand argue that these procedures may not be necessary for women’s physical health but are an integral part to their mental and moral health. This paper is going to examine the arguments made by those arguing in favor and against breast augmentation and suggest solution that might help address the issue. Arguments supporting breast augmentation: The most compelling argument that is presented in favor of breast augmentation is that it helps women boost t heir confidence. A large portion of women who opt for breast implants is to increase their confidence. These women get implants because they feel that the way they view their body would have a significant impact not only on their confidence but also on their self-esteem (Bejra Medical Institute, 2013). Some women get breast implants to reshape their breasts after pregnancy. In most cases women’s breasts tend to lose their natural shape and can sometimes become saggy after their pregnancy. This is especially seen in women that breastfeed their children. Through breast implants women are able to get the shape of their breasts back a factor that appeals to majority of women (Bejra Medical Institute, 2013). Age is another factor that drives women towards the procedure. The fear of losing their looks as they age women turns to breast augmentation to have their breasts reconstructed by doctors. Through the procedure of breast augmentation women tend to feel as though they have rega ined their youth (Bejra Medical Institute, 2013). Some women undergo the procedure to obtain clothes that fit them better. Most clothes available in the market are designed to fit women that have large breasts. Women with flat chests are unable to purchase these clothes which can lead to these women developing a complex. By getting breast implants the variety of clothing that is available to them significantly increases. Moreover since their clothes fit them better after their procedure they feel a lot more confident in their clothing than they do before the procedure (Bejra Medical Institute, 2013). Arguments against breast augmentation: One of the most compelling arguments that is put against the procedure of breast augmentation is that research has proven time and time again that the procedure in itself and the silicone implants are dangerous to women’s health in a number of ways (Food Drug Assosiation, 2011). In 2011, the U.S food and drug administration stated that there is a possible link between Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) and breast implantation. The study stated that the risk of women with breast implants developing ALCL maybe low but there is a definite relationship between the two (Food Drug Assosiation, 2011). The research identified more than 34 cases of ALCL in which the patient had undergone breast augmentation around the world that were unique. Moreover, FDA obtained data from a number of sources showing that there were 60 confirmed cases of

Demand assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Demand assessment - Essay Example There are various options for controlling diffuse pollution which are listed and discussed in the following sections. Soil and water pollution is a common feature of population growth which is brought about by industrialization, development in agriculture, and exploitation of natural resources. Man-made chemicals, pest control, discharge from agricultural activities; and chemical waste products from industries all contribute towards pollution. Diffuse pollution is a form of pollution which results from long term contamination from urban or rural human activities. Diffuse pollution originates from different sources. In rural areas diffuse pollution has a different context when compared to urban diffuse pollution. Rural diffuse pollution problems arise from poaching livestock, spraying of chemicals, the use of fertilisers in farming, soil erosion due to extensive forestry etc. These problems can be controlled by using the following options: Nitrogen and phosphorus are harmful chemicals which lost from the soil seep into groundwater and surface waters, and pollute them. Agro chemicals impact the ecology of river waters and drinking water through mere 0.1ÃŽ ¼g/1 (Defra 2009) Experts (DArcy 2004; Halm and Grathwohl 2005) are of the view that diffuse pollution control strategies should either reduce or restrict polluting substances. These can be achieved by adopting combination strategies to improve the environment. Intervention should be based on the following hierarchy of preferred control measures: The most preferred control option(s) for diffuse pollution should fall into the three broad categories of drainage infrastructure, containment or behavioural change. From the above listed diffuse pollution control options, the author recommends the following for each problem: i. Pollution from livestock - fencing of livestock is a viable option as it would help contain cattle heads

Latin American religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Latin American religion - Essay Example African based religions in Central America include Santeria, Vondoo, Condomble, and others. The development of these religion dates back to the time when the Africans started arriving in Central American states.This was during the era of slave trade when they were brought to work in sugar plantation of the colonialist. There religion developed from a mixture of African culture of the slave who had settled in the sates. The early development of these religions was based on the need to have the Africans united in the foreign land. These realigns were based on the principle of truth, justice, righteousness, harmony, order and reciprocity. They were based on the need to have self sustainable and the notion of being self empowered in the foreign land. They had a sense of individual and communal appeal. The growth of these religions in Latin America could have followed amore direct root since most of them were prohibited. The prohibition of these religions made them stronger. They grew to be some of the most important sycretic religion in Latin America.Due to the prohibition of the practice of these religions, they did not make a nationals appeal but remained practice mainly by the individual African community that has started them. With time they came to be indentified with the Africans an identity that remains up to date. In light of this the national suppressing of these religions was different rand therefore they remained active in the country where they were more practiced. For example, Voodoo survived the religious assault in Cuba, Brazil, Dominic Republic and other part of Central America where it is practiced to date. Condobmle survived only in Brazil where it is practices up do date. Even up to date, there religions have remained racialized according to the community that started practicing them early. It was due to repression of these religion which made them stay limited to the African groups although there have been some degree of acceptance of the religion in the region. The process of nationalisation and acceptance of these religions have taken along time due to the confinement of the religion to the practicing communities alone. Judaism Judaism is the religion that has been spread to all parents of the world by the Jew. It is the main religion that has been carried out from Middle East to the whole world by the Jews. The coming of the religion in Latin America is associated with the coming of Jews in the region. They date back to the time when Christopher Columbus and his voyage reached America in 1492. There were around seven Jews who sailed with Columbus on the voyage. When the came to American they stated practising their religion which they have been carrying on with them to all parts of the world. They spread to Latin America where they established their religion in areas where they occupying. Like in other parts of the world where the Jews settled they have been able to keep their religion Jews has emerged to be one of the accepted religion in Central America although it has remained to be loyal to the Jews alone. It has remained exclusive practiced by Jews whoa re still living in Latin America. Judaism has been shown to be one of the religion that developed along tradition African religions in America having developed since 15th century to the 21st century and was likewise repressed and lacked a nationwide appeal for a long time. The process of nationalization of the Jewish religion has been slows like the other region. This has been based on the fact that Jews has reamed conservatively as a Jews religion alone and has been identified with the Jewish community alone. However it has remained to be one of the major religions in the region. Judaism was able to survive the spread of the catholic religion which was brought by the Spanish who discovered the land. Islam Islam has been one of the growing religions in the world in the recent past. It has been growing in number since it arrived in the region. Islam came

Culture in International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Culture in International Business - Essay Example In this way, management’s ability to understand the levels of nuance and meaning that exist within such a group is a key determinant as to whether the employees themselves will feel an overall sense of appreciation and inclusion with respect to the company as a whole. Such an emphasis on attempting to relate to and understand the cultural considerations with relation to foreign operations is something that likely cannot be overemphasized due to the primal nature of how human beings identify with their culture and then project these identifications within the workplace environment (Lung et al 2012). As such, rather than seeking to change the culture of the given work as a means to reflect a more domestically centric version of the firm’s operations, it is the duty of the manager to ensure that equal consideration is given to the unique cultural needs of the employees that he/she is responsible for. Although there already exists a large body of scholarship on the needs of the international business to recognize and focus upon the unique cultural needs of their component parts, as previously stated, this is truly something that cannot be underemphasized. Moreover, due to the fact that the author helps to lay out a quantifiable and descriptive list of ways in which such a process can be effected in order to achieve a better quality of product from the component parts of an international firm’s units.